|
|
Production And Availabitity of
Iodised Salt
Continued
…..
Quality Monitoring at Production
Sources:
In order to monitor the quality of iodised salt produced in the State,
8 salt testing laboratories are established at Ahmedbad, Jamnagar, Gandhidham,
Bhavnagar, Kharaghoda, Dhrangadhra, Santhalpur & Maliya. Beside 2 mobile
labs are in operation at Gandhidham & Dharangadhra. The details of number
of samples analysed during the last 3 years are as follows:
Year
|
Samples
Analysed |
Found Standard
|
% standard |
|
1998 |
37061 |
25395 |
69 |
|
1999 |
41189 |
27505 |
67 |
|
2000 |
36474 |
23294 |
64 |
Based on the results the
manufacturers are advised to recheck the process parameters.
Under PFA Act, 1954, the Food
Inspectors are empowered to draw statutory samples and take penal action in the
event of sample not conforming to standards. Informal monitoring through
multipurpose health workers is also done at wholesale & retail level.
Here the district level monitoring
system followed by
An independent evaluation of USI in
Survey conducted in 9 out of the total 19 district of the State between
1956-1976 revealed that 8 district are endemic to goiter. The goiter prevalence
rate was in the range or 6.5-41.6%. Six districts were resurveyed during 1998
to 2001, four by State Govt. and two by DGHS. Reports from 3 districts showed a
reduction in goiter rate from 26.0% to 10.38% and 0.36%, 17.58% to 1.1% in
Ambala, Yamunanagar (earlier part of Ambala district) and Jind districts
respectively. Report from other 3 district viz. Karnal, Panchkula and
kurukshetra is awaited.
The State Administration banned the sale of non Iodised Slat for edible
purpose in the entire State with effect from 1.12.87.
IDD Cell is established in the State Health Directorate.
The State requires 1.08 lakh tonnes of iodised salt annually. Buljk of
it is moved by road from rajasthan. The actual supply of iodised salt during
the last 3 years is as
follows:
(‘000 tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
21.5 26.6 14.5
The balance quantity is met by road
movements from
Iodised salt is supplied voluntary
by CONFED through PDS as per the directives of State Government to all district
Food and Goiter Controllers vide letter no. 5S-99/27695 dt.
Refined iodised salt is procured by
CONFED from Delhi State Civil Supplies Corporation and distributed through fair
price shops@ Rs.4-00 per kg in the entire State at the rate of one kg per card
holder per month. During 2000-2001 CONFED has distributed 4464 tonnes of
iodised salt against the requirement of 7680 tonnes. Balance demand is met by
private traders as salt is sufficiently available in the open market.
Monitoring Information System (MIS)
Quality of slat is monitored at district level by food inspectors of Health
department under PFA and MPHW by spot test kits (non-statutory). The details of
samples analysed are given below:
Year Sample tested Found standard
PFA Non-PFA PFA Non-PFA
1999 313 22319 306 (98%) 13573
(61%)
2000 222 9195 200 (90%) 6923
(75%)
2001 101 1374 99 (98%) 1163
(85%)
(upto July)
Survey conducted in 10 out of the 12 districts between
1956-1974 revealed that all the 10 districts are endemic to goiter. The
total goiter Prevalence Rate (GPR) ranged between 20.9 to 41.6%. Resurvey among
school children and village population was carried out in 6 districts. The
goiter prevalence rate in these districts was as follows:
Bilaspur 14.0% Kangra 5.7%
Chamba 14.25% Mandi 14.0%
Hamirpur 8.8% Solan 11.4%
Govt. of Himachal Pradesh has banned
sale of non iodised salt for edible use with effect from 6.2.76 in the entire
State.
It is established in the State Health Directorate.
The State requires 37,025 tonnes of
salt for edible use. Bulk of this quantity is moved by road from Rajasthan. The
actual supply of iodised salt during the last three years was as follows:
(‘000 tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
7.8 6.9 4.8
The balance
quantity is moved by road from un-organised sector in Rajasthan and from
Government of Himachal Pradesh is
supplying iodised salt to Inegrated Rural Development Project (IRDP) families
through PDS. They also give transport subsidy to salt (alongwith other items)
in tribal & remote areas. Prices of iodised salt are monitored by Food
& Civil Supplies (F&CS) Department weekly/monthly.
Monitoring Information System (MIS)
Statutory and non-statutory sampling if iodised salt is being done by
the Food Inspectors and Health workers of the State Health Directorate. During
2000,24 iodised salt samples (statutory) were analysed
out which six samples were food sub-standard.
State Government is also actively
considering to initiate a process through which all salt consignments entering
into the State by road transport through three nodal entry points will be
checked at the road barriers to ensure that salt consignment carry receipt
indicating explicitly that only iodised salt is brought by the truck operators.
An assessment study of IDD in Solan
district of Himachal Pradesh aming 6724 school children by Government of
Himachal Pradesh in 1998 revealed that
(i)
73.3% of the beneficiaries
consumed salt with adequate iodine content and only 6.5% samples tested had nil iodine.
(ii)
The median Urinary Iodine
Excretion (UIE) of the children studied was found to be 15 micro gram/dl Indicating that there was no bio-chemical iodine deficiency
in the subjects studied.
The study underlined
the need for strengthening existing monitoring system for the quality if
iodised salt in the district.
State Government is undertaking IEC
activities through posters, wall paintings, radio talks and State and block
level workshops.
Survey conducted in 14 out of total 15 districts of the State between 1963-1971 revealed a Goiter Prevalence Rate (GPR) of
25.4-38.2%. 11 districts are endemic to Goiter.
The Govt. of J&K banned sale of
non-iodised salt for edible use in the entire State with effect from 15.9.76.
IDD Cell has not yet been established in the State.
The State requires about 55,270 tonnes of iodised salt annually for
edible use. This quantity is procured from Rajasthan and
(‘000 tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
23.0 23.7 34.1
Although the supply of iodised salt
to the State was only 42-62% of the requirement in really no scaricity is
reported. This may be due to the secondary movement from
Monitoring Information Syaytem (MIS)
At present there is no system to monitor the quantity & quality of
salt entering the State of
Although J&K is not a salt
producing State, on the recommendations of State Government, two iodisation
plants with capacity of 30,000 tonnes/annum are
permitted. However, none of the plants are operational for various reasons.
As per an article published in ICCIDD News letter of Nov.’97 Dr. A.H.
Zargar & others from Department of Endocrinology, S.K. Institute of Medical
Sciences, Kashmir conducted an extensive goiter survey among school children of
the valley from 1993-1995. They found that 42.5% of children have thyroid
elargement & Urinary Iodine Excretion (UIE) was low. In so far as salt
consumption pattern was concerned people in the valley are still found to
consume non Iodised Salt and awareness about IDD was very low.
KARNATAKA
IDD
Prevalence
Surveys
conducted in 17 out of 27 districts in the State revealed 6 districts to be
endemic to with goiter prevalence rates in the range of 0.99-41.11%
Ban
Notification
The Govt. of
Karnataka has banned the sale of salt
other than iodised salt for edible purpose in the entire State
with effect from 28.2.1996.
IDD
Cell
An IDD Cell is established in the
State Directorate of Health services. This cell is undertaking IEC activities, training of peripheral health workers etc. besides
conducting goiter surveys.
Iodisation
Capacity
Five iodisation plants with an total capacity of
32,000 tonnes per annum
have been set up in the salt
producing district of Dakshin Kannada. However, their actual
production during 2000 was
only 4,000 tonnes.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
Although the
State is bestowed with a
long coast line,
salt production is confined
to a few pockets in
Dakshin Kannada district due
to unfavorable weather conditions.
The average
annual salt production is about 10-15 thousand tonnes. Therefore, the entire requirement of iodised salt (3.22 lakh
tonnes) is mainly met from Tamil
Nadu. Some quantity
of salt is
also
procured from Gujarat &
Maharashtra.Supply of iodised salt during
the last 3 years was as
follows:
('000 tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
101.4 117.4 115.3
The remaining quantity is met by road movement from
Tamil Nadu and
('000 tonnes)
Zone No.of BG Rakes Quantity Total
By
Rail By
Road
Chennai 40 92.8 196.05 288.85
Mumbai - -
10.00
10.00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 50 116.0 206.0 322.05
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The State Govt. has set up a Coordination
Committee under the chairmanship of Secretary health. The
Committee regularly meets & reviews the progress of NIDDCP. Besides,
interaction meetings are also organized at regular intervals with buyers, sellers & other
Stake holders to identify the problems relating to availability & price of
iodised salt. In order to create awareness among
the public and to increase the
supply of iodised salt in the State,
Salt Department in collaboration with All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi has instituted a study through
the net work of medical colleges.
Actions
suggested to Strengthen USI
KERALA
IDD
Prevalence
Surveys
conducted by State /Central Govt. from 1989 to 1994 in 14 out of
20 districts of the State revealed 11
districts to be endemic to goiter with goiter prevalence
rate ranging from 4.7 to 27.3%
Ban
Notification
Although 11
out of the 14 districts in the State are found to be endemic, the State Government has
not yet prohibited the sale of
non-iodised salt.
IDD
Cell
IDD Cell has
been established in the State health Directorate.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The annual requirement of salt for edible purposes is estimated to be at 2.08 lakh tonnes. The supply of iodised salt duringthe
three was as under:
('000 tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
52.6 54.4 61.7
Although,
Kerala is a coastal State the
climatic conditions are
not favourable for salt
production. The State
is therefore procuring its entire
requirement of salt from Tamil Nadu.
There is a
general misconception that iodised salt is costly due to
the common belief that only refined salt is
iodised. The market share of
refined iodised salt is costly due to the common belief that
only refined salt is iodised. The market share
of refined iodised salt including TATA brand of vacuum iodised salt is
only about 25%. The iodised salt produced by medium &
small scale manufacturers contributes over 70% of the total
iodised salt production . It is
sold at prices ranging from Rs. 2.50 to 4.50 per kg depending upon variety of salt
(crystal, crushed or powder) & type of packing used . Iodised salt of
premium brands like TATA, Annapurna etc.
is sold at a price of Rs. 5.50 &
above per kg.
The other major concern about compulsory use of
iodised salt is of excess intake of iodine.This issue was
deliberated at length in the
National Consultation Meeting on benefits & safety
of iodised salt held
at AIIMS, New Delhi in 1998 in
which all premier Nutrition
and Medical personal
participated. All the participants unequivocally
favoured Universal Salt Iodisation (USI).
Survey
Focus group
IDD survey conducted in the State during 2001 reveled that
- Half of the respondents were ignorant about
advantages or disadvantages of
iodised salt.
-Quality of product
and price are prime factors
influencing buying practice.
-Health benefits are not a criterion for buying specific
type even by those buying iodised salt.
- Few were
aware of IDD s other than goitre.
- People are
confused and not convinced about the health benefits of iodised salt.
-Majority
would opt for health, if choice was to be made between health benefits and
price of salt.
In order to
create awareness among the public and to increase the supply of
iodised salt in
the State, Salt
department in collaboration with All India Institute of Medical
Sciences, New
Actions
Suggested to Strengthen USI
IDD
Prevalence
No survey on
IDD Prevalence has been undertaken in the U.T.
IDD
Cell
IDD Cell has
not yet been established in U.T.
States
of Ban
The U.T. Administration has banned the sale of
non iodised salt for edible purpose with
effect from 6.2.92.
Requirement
& Supply Of Iodised Salt
The requirement of iodised salt for the U.T. is
estimated to be 370 tonnes per annum.
Lakshadweep gets its entire requirement
of iodised salt from Tamil Nadu.
Salt is moving from Tamil Nadu to Kerala
by road and from there by ferries.This secondary movement is not reflected in official
records. Iodised salt is sold at Rs. 2.25 per Kg.in isles.
Actions
Suggested to Strengthen USI
MADHYA
PRADESH & CHATTISGARH
IDD
Prevalence
Sixteen of the
total 61 districts were surveyed
and all were found
to be endemic with goiter
prevalence rates ranging from 18.7 to 55.6%.
Status
of Ban
Government of Madhya Pradesh has banned the sale of non-iodised salt for edible purposes in the
entire State, in phases. Complete ban came into force with effect from 2.4.90.
IDD
Cell
IDD Cell
has been established under the Directorate of
Health Services.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The annual
requirement of iodised Salt for Madhya Pradesh is 3.48 lakh tonnes and for
Chatisgarh is 1.26 lakh tonnes.
Iodised salt
is supplied to Madhya Pradesh & Chhatisgarh by rail and
road from Rajasthan, Gujarat and chennai zones
as given below.This includes
the requirement of
salt for animal consumption.
Madhya Pradesh
('000tonnes)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zone No.of Rakes Rail Road
Total
Quantity Quality Quality
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rajasthan 2 4.64
80.00
12.64
Gujarat 84
194.88 136.91 331.79
Chennai 1 2.32 4.0 6.32
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 87 201.84 148.91 350.75
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zone No.of Rakes
Rail Quantity Road Total
Quality Quality
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rajasthan 2
4.64 2.00 6.644
Gujarat 50 116.00 0.17 116.17
Chennai 1 2.32 1.00 3.32
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 53 122.96 3.17 126.13
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The total supply to Madhya Pradesh including
Chatisgarh in 2000 was 3.36 lakh tonnes. The remaining quantity of
iodised salt is met through road transport from unorganised
sectors of Gujarat, which is not
accounted in official records.
Monitoring
Information System
Of the 148
salt samples checked using STK by State Food and Civil Supplies Department
in 1999, 141(95%) samples had prescribed
level of iodine. The details of no.of samples drawn and analysed during the
year 2000 have not been
received from the
State. District level MIS has not yet been established.
The USI programme in India was evaluated by a
team from Indian Institute of Health Management &
Research Jaipur on the advice of GOI &UNICEF in eight States across the
country, including Madhya Pradesh ,
during 1996-97.
The study
revealed that in Madhya Pradesh all the wholesalers of salt
dealt only in iodised salt. All
aware of
the prescribed level of
iodine and about the ban orders on the sale of
non-iodised salt for edible use. 90% of the retailers are reportedly procuring iodised salt in consumer
packs of 1/2 & 1Kg which help
in improving the self life of Iodised
Salt. At house hold level 87.8% samples
tested by spot test
kit had required
iodine level(>15ppm)while the
same was 77.7% when tested by iodometric
titration. The urban rural difference was 14% (Rural
70.5% & Urban 84.9%). This calls for more focus on
rural population in terms
of advocacy & supply of Iodised Salt, to achieve the goal of universal accessibility to Iodised
Salt in Madhya Pradesh.
Actions
Suggested To Strengthen USI
IDD
Prevalence
Surveys carried
out in 29 of the 35
districts of Maharashtra revealed a
total goiter rate ranging from 0.01
to 54.92%. 21 districts were found to be endemic.
Status
of Ban
Maharashtra Govt.
has banned the sale of non-iodised
salt fro edible purpose in 17
districts, in phases.
(i) Aurangabad: With effect from 1.11.82
(ii) Jalna: With effect from 1.11.86
(iii) Amravati,
Wardha, Buldhana, Dhule & Satara:
With effect from 1.11.86
(iv) Nagpur, Bhandara,
Gadchiroli, Nanded, Latur,
Yavatmal, Thane, Ratnagiri,
Nasik, Jalgaon: With effect from
1.8.92.
IDD
Cell
IDD Cell has
been set up in the State Health Directorate.
Iodisation
Capacity
Salt Department has permitted 14 iodisation plants
with a total capacity of 2.31 lakh
tonnes per annum.Two iodisation plants with UNICEF assistance
were donated to
small salt producers
of
Maharashtra to
enable them to iodise their produce.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The annual requirement of Iodised Salt for the
entire State is 5.62
Lakh tonnes and for the 17 banned
districts is 2.65 Lakh tonnes. The State of Maharashtra is the
fifth largest producer of
salt in the
country after Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan & Andhra Pradesh in the same order of production. The
production of salt in the State during
the last 3years was as follows:
(Lakh tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
2.19 1.58 1.54
It is
produced by 237 manufacturers in the
four districts of Thane, Raigad, Sindhudurg & Mumbai in
a total are of 18472 acres including
4un-recognised units working in 26 acres of land.
As the local production is insufficient to meet
the State's requirement of
5.62 lakh tonnes, balance quantity is
met from Gujarat and
to a small extent from Tamil Nadu. The
zone wise
allocation of
salt to the State is given below:
('000 Tonnes)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zone No.of Rakes Rail Quantity
Road Total
Quality Quality
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gujarat 72 167.04 293.00 460.04
Mumbai - -
100.00 100.00
Chennai 1 2.32 -
2.32
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 73 169.36 393.00 562.36
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The supply of
iodised salt to the State during 2000 was 4.42 lakh tonnes including supply to
non-banned districts.
The main
reason for short supply is movement of salt by road from Gujarat and from local
salt producers, which is not monitored
by any agency. As a result non- iodised salt or inadequately iodised
salt finds its way into the banned districts. Besides, there are many
repackers of iodised slat in
these two States who market spurious brands.
The State Government is supplying iodised salt in
ITDP and DPAP areas since
1991 under special action plan. Adequate
care has been taken to supply iodised salt particularly to
endemic areas where IDD prevalence is high. Hence, the State Government
does not consider it necessary to distribute iodised salt through PDS in the entire State.
Quality
Monitoring at Production Sources
In order
to monitor the quality of iodised salt
at production sources the
Salt Department has established a
laboratory at Wadala.The details
of samples analysed during
the last three
years are as
follows:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Samples Found Standard %Standard
Analysed
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 368 311 84
1999 292 248 85
2000 213 137 64
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monitoring
Information System
The State Government has established
district level monitoring through the District Public Health
Labs. for informal monitoring of quality
at wholesale, retail and household level in the 17
banned districts. The details of samples analysed during
last three years are given below:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year Sample Found
sub-Standard Found
%Sub-
analysed
Approved Non-Approved
Sub- Standard
Units
Units Standard
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1998 5919 37
1630 1667 28
1999 4743 34 1265 1299 27
2000 4301
15 98 916 21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From the above
data it is evident that the performance of plants registered
with Salt Department
is better compared
to unregistered/non-permitted plants. This calls for an urgent action to
evolve a mechanism to monitor the unregistered and re-packing units to ensure availability of adequately iodised
salt in
the banned districts.
Actions
Suggested To Strengthen USI
MANIPUR
IDD
Prevalence
Survey
conducted in 8 out of the 9 districts
revealed all the 8 districts to be
endemic.
Status
of Ban
The Government
of Manipur banned the sale of
salt other than iodised
salt as an article of food in the entire
State with effect from
10th october 1975, vide an
Order No. 4/103.75/I, dated 10th october 1975.
IDD
Cell
The IDD Cell
was established in 1987 in the Medical Directorate.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The present requirement of salt for edible
purpose is estimated at 13,155 tonnes per annum. Due to geographical
location of the State and transport bottlenecks, which
necessitates maintenance
of buffer
stock, in the zonal scheme allocation of 23,200
tonnes is made.
The requirement
of iodised slat is met
from the production sources of
Rajasthan & Gujarat Iodised salt is
transported by rail up to Dimapur
in Nagaland and from there it moves by road to
various
consuming centres in the State.
Nominee System
was prevalent in the State till
2000-01. Since there was no lifting of iodised salt during
2000-01, free trade has been introduced
in 2001-02.The actual supply of iodised
salt
to the State during
1999 was 1,800 tonnes . 90% of the population purchase loose salt and 10%
(mostly urban) buy 1Kg.pouches.
Monitoring
Information System
Non-statutory quality
monitoring is done by Health
Workers at beneficiary level
During the year 2000, 79,468
iodised salt samples were tested by Spot test Kit, out of which
77,033 (97%)
were found
standard.
Actions
Suggested to Strengthen USI
MEGHALAYA
IDD
Prevalence
Survey conducted in 2 out of the 7 districts,
revealed both the districts to be
endemic.
Status
of Ban
Govt. of Meghalaya has banned the sale of
non-iodised salt for edible purpose from 1.5.1988.
IDD
Cell
IDD Cell
was established in 1987 in the Directorate of
Health Services.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The
requirement of iodised salt for the State is estimated to be 12,710
tonnes per annum. A provision of 18,560 tonnes has
been made in the zonal scheme fro
rail movement, keeping in view the
remoteness, transport bottlenecks
and the need
for keeping adequate buffer
stock.
The entire
requirement of iodised salt is met from the production sources of Gujarat. As
there is no railhead in the State the salt is transported up to Guwahati by
rail and from there it is moved
by road to
various parts of the State.
The supply of iodised salt during 1999 was 2,900
tonnes . Since no scarcity
is reported , it is
presumed that the
balance requirement is met by road movement from adjoining States.
Nominee System
was prevalent till 2000-01 .However, as there
was no lifting of iodised salt
during 2000-01, free trade has been introduced from 2001-02.
Public
distribution system (PDS) covers all areas and sections of consumers in the
State. The off-take of iodised salt through
PDS is very low due to the following reasons:
- Availability
of loose and packed iodised salt
at reasonable prices throughout
the State, and
- Regular inflow of iodised salt into
the State due to procurement by private traders.
Thus, some
times open market prices are much cheaper than
prices under PDS. The wholesale price of iodised salt is
Rs. 136
per 75kg. and retail price is Rs.
2.10 per kg. Open market price is Rs. 3
to 4 per kg. for loose iodised salt and Rs. 6 to 7 per kg. for packed iodised salt. State Government
is considering to allot some quota out
of the 8 rakes earmarked by Salt Commissioner
to private firms for production of iodised salt in small packages of
1 kg.
to be sold at a price fixed by the Government to
ensure availability of iodised salt in the State.The wholesale
price Ex Shillong is fixed by the
Food & Civil Splies
Department and the retail price
is fixed by the Deputy Commissioners/Sub Divisional
Officers. The retail Prices vary from
place to place due to variation in transport
cost from Shillong to
distribution centers.
Monitoring
Information System
Formal (PFA)
and informal (Non-PFA) monitoring
of quality of iodised
salt are undertaken by Food Inspectors and other health functionaries .
During 2000 eight samples
were analysed by
iodometric
method and all were standards.
Actions
Suggested to Strengthen USI
MIZORAM
IDD Prevalence
Surveys carried out in 4 out of the 8 districts of the State revealed
all the 4 district to be endemic, with a total Goiter Rate of 68.6%.
Status of Ban
Complete ban on sale of non-iodised salt as an article of food was
imposed with effect from 15.2.1986 vide Govt. of Mizoram , Health and Family
Welfare Department Notification No. MHA/69/84/Pt 141 dated Aizwal, 13.1.1986.
IDD Cell
Established in 1987 in the State Health Directorate.
Requirement & Supply of Iodised Salt
The annual requirement of salt for edible purposes estimated at 4,940
tonnes. Due to geographical location of the State and transport bottlenecks,
which necessitates maintenance of buffer stock, in the zonal scheme allocation
is made for movement of 9,280 tonnes by rail from the production sources of
Gujarat.
The actual off –take during 1999 was 4,700 tonnes .No salt was lifted
during 2000. As no scarcity is reported during 2000, it is presumed that the
salt requirement of the State is met byroad movement from Assam.
Nominee System is in operation in the State. Salt is transported by the
nominees up to Silchar in Assam by rail and from there, it is moved by road to
Aizwal by MIZOFED. Efforts are on to distribute iodised salt through the net
work of pDS. Mostly salt is sold in loose although repacking in 1 & ½ Kg.
poly packs is also done by the retailers for the convenience of the consumers.
MIZOFED fixes the Ex-Railway yard and wholesale price.
Monitoring Information System
Statutory and non-statutory sampling is being done by Food Inspectors
and Health workers. During 2000,564 statutory samples (PFA ) and 53,106
non-statutory samples were analysed ,
out of which 551 (98%) and 46,512(88%) respectively, were found conforming
to prescribed standards .
Actions Suggested to Strengthen USI
NAGALAND
IDD
Prevalence
Surveys
carried out in 7 out of 8 districts in the State revealed all the 7 districts
to be endemic to Goiter.
Status
of Ban
Govt. of
Nagaland has banned the sale of non-iodised salt
for edible purpose with effect from 15th December, 1975.
IDD
Cell
IDD Cell is
established in 1987
Requirement & Supply of Iodised Salt
The annual
requirement of edible salt is 8,660 tonnes .Due
to geographical location of the State and transport
bottlenecks, which necessitates maintenance of buffer stock, and
allocation of
16,240 tonnes
has been made in the zonal scheme. Nagaland
was procuring their entire requirement of edible
salt from Rajasthan salt sources
by rail till 2000-01. However, from 2001-02,
additional linkage has been provided from Gujarat Zone. The salt unloading point is Dimapur.
Nominee System
prevails in the State. The
actual supply of iodised
salt during 1999 was 2,900 tonnes. During 2000, no salt was
moved by rail . However, during
the current year, 3 rake
loads (9,280
tonnes) was moved upto July
against the total allotment of 7 rakes.
The distribution
of iodised salt is done through
Fair Price Shops(FPS) under the supervision
of District Administration and free
market system also prevails .The wholesale price in Dimapur
is Rs. 1.25
perkg. of loose iodised salt and Rs. 1.80 per kg. of packet salt. Retail price is Rs. 1.40 to
Rs.2.0 per kg. of loose iodised salt
and Rs. 1.95 to 2.90 per kg. of packet
salt. Monitoring of prices is bing done by a committee set up recently for all essential commodities
including iodised salt.Distribution of iodised salt is included under PDS, and
the whole State is covered under it.
Iodised salt is distributed through fair
price shops and also through
village councils under
the
supervision of
district administration and field officers of Food & Civil Supplies
Department.
Monitoring
Information System
At the procurement point , quality of iodised
salt is tested by the Salt Department,
before loading into the rail wagons.
At the receiving point , the quality of
iodised salt is again tested by the local
medical authority, along with the
goiter officials. Department of
Food & Civil Supplies also conducts surprise checks at retail level to
ensure goiter of only iodised salt .
Consumer organization are also taking active part in enforcing the ban on sale of non-iodized salt.
Actions
Suggested to Strengthen USI
ORISSA
IDD
Prevalence
Survey conducted in 4 out of 30 districts of the
State revealed all the 4 districts to be
endemic to goiter with prevalence rates ranging from 19.3 to 30.3%.
Status
of Ban
The State
Govt. issued ban order from 1.6.1995 However, the Govt. of Orissa has since rescinded the notification
banning the sale of salt other than iodised salt from 31.3.2001.
IDD Cell
IDD Cell has
been established in the State Health
Directorate.
Iodisation
Capacity
The average
annual production of salt in the State is about 40,00 tonnes and
the average production of
iodised salt is
around 30,000 tonnes. There
are 8 salt iodisation
plants with an
installed capacity
of 76,000 tonnes. The Salt Department
has donated 5 salt
iodisation plants with UNICEF
assistance to Cooperative Societies & small salt producers with
one-year free
supply of
Potassium Iodate to enable
them to iodise
their produce.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
Requirement of
the State is estimated to be 2.27 lakh tonnes
per annum.This is mainly met from
Tamil Nadu, Gujarat & Rajasthan. Salt from
Rajasthan & Gujarat is moved by rail
under nominee system. The
State of Orissa has been provided linkages in the
Zonal Scheme as under:
('000tonnes)
Zone No.of Rakes
Quantity Total
By Rail By
Road
Chennai 45 104.40 5.00 109.40
Gujarat 30
69.69 - 69.60
Rajasthan 15
34.80 - 34.80
Kolkata - - 12.89 12.89
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 90 208.80 17.89
226.69
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Iodised salt
supplied to the State during the last 3 years was as under
1998 1999 2000
187.2 193.0 203.7
The balance quantity
is met by road movement from Andhra Pradesh.
Quality
Monitoring at Production Sources
Two quality
control labs have been
established at Human
& Bhubaneshwar. Besides, one mobile lab (Jeep) is also is operation
at Humma. The details of the samples
analysed in these labs is given below:
Year Sample Found %Standard
Analysed Standard
1998 3264 1777 54.4
1999 4041 1927 48.0
2000 3883 1932 50.0
Monitoring
Information System
District level MIS has not been established in
the State.
Actions
Suggested to Strengthen USI
IDD
Prevalence
Although no
systematic survey has been undertaken in U.T.
goiter cases have been reported. A survey conducted in 1997 among school
children in the
age group of 6 to years, revealed
a goiter prevalence of 2.6%. The
Median urinary iodine excretion was 14.5
mcg/dl.
Status
of Ban
Ban U.T. administration has banned the sale of
non iodised salt with effect from
1.9.1997.
IDD
Cell
The U.T. administration has not yet set up IDD
Cell to
monitor the NIDDCP.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The total requirement of iodised salt for the
U.T. is estimated to be 5,784 tonnes per
annum. Salt is procured from Marakanam and Vedaranyam in Tamil Nadu. The supply
of iodised salt during last three years
was as under:
'000 tonnes
1998 1999 2000
3.2 1.3 1.4
Since there
was no complaints of scarcity it is presumed that the remaining quantity is
moved by road from Tamil Nadu, which is not accounted in
official records. The
State Civil Supplies
Corporation, M/s PAPSCO is selling iodised salt @ Rs. 2.60
per kg. to the people below poverty line, through 29 fair price shops
in Pondicherry and Karaikal region on
"no profit-no loss" basis
under centrally sponsored " Sarvapriya
Scheme", on experimental basis.
this salt is being supplied by NCCF.
Monitoring
Information System.
Food &
drug authority is collecting samples
from traders and retailers and testing in public
health laboratories. the details are
given below:
Beneficiary Trader
Samples tested 201 29
<15ppm 138(69%) 21(72.4%)
>=15ppm 63(31%) 8(27.6%)
Actions
Suggested to Strengthen USI
IDD
Prevalence
Surveys
conducted in 3 out of the 17 districts, between 1961-1969 revealed goiter
prevalence in the range of 9.3%-52.3%.
Status
of Ban
Government of Punjab
banned the sale of non-iodised salt
for edible use in the entire State with effect from 14.10.86.
IDD
Cell
IDD Cell is
established in the State Health Directorate.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
Punjab
requires about 1.50 lakh tonnes of iodised salt for edible purpose annually.
Most of it is procured by road from
Rajasthan. The actual movement of salt to the State for
edible purpose
during the
last three years was as follows:
('000 tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
50.8 67.5 59.4
Although the
reported supply are 34-46% of total requirement, in reality
there is no shortfall as the secondary movement by road from
Delhi and road
movement from un-organised
sector of
Rajasthan bridge the gap.
Since iodised
salt is freely available, the State Government does not propose to introduce it
in PDS. Hence free market prevails . 25%
of the States requirement is met by branded salt. 90% of its
requirement is
met by Rajasthan and the rest by Gujarat. Salt
is procured in bulk from these States and repacked locally in 1/2 & 1 Kg pouches.
Monitoring
Information System
State Government
periodically monitors availability
of 14 essential items
including iodised salt. However,
there is no State level MIS to monitor the quality of
iodised salt.
Action
Suggested to Strengthen USI
RAJASTHAN
IDD
Prevalence
Surveys conducted in 3 out of the 31 districts
during 1987-1990 revealed that all the
three districts are endemic to goiter.
The goiter prevalence rate was in the range of 10.91-22.89%.
Status
of Ban
Government of Rajasthan banned the sale of non-iodised
salt for edible purpose in the entire
State with effect from 5.12.92.
IDD
Cell
It has been
established in the State Health Directorate.
Iodisation
Capacity
Rajasthan is the
third largest producer of salt and also
has surplus salt production, thus catering to the
requirement of adjoining States
of Punjab, Himachal Pradesh,
Haryana, Delhi, parts of Uttar
Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh, and far off States like West
Bengal, Bihar, Nagaland & Manipur besides meeting its
own requirement.
The average annual production of salt is about
13 lakh
tonnes. 298 salt iodisation units with a total capacity of 34 lakh
tonnes are established in the State. Production of iodised salt by these
units during
the last 3 years was as follows:
(Lakh tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
5.49 8.54 7.95
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
Rajasthan requires
about 3.23 lakh tonnes of
salt for edible purpose annually. Its entire
requirement is moved from production sources
within the State by road. A small
quantity of salt is also
received from Gujarat. Supply of iodised salt to Rajasthan during the last 3 years are given
below:
('000 tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
72.3 65.3 43.3
The actual reported supply is 14-21 % of
total requirement, as much of the movement by road from
registered & unregistered units is not reported. As no agency is monitoring
these supply, mostly non-iodised salt/inferior
quality iodised salt is supplied by this mode.This is further confirmed by the
low quality of iodised salt at beneficiary level.Iodised Salt
is included in the PDS list in
a limited way. However,
due to parallel marketing of
non-iodised salt in the guise
of industrial salt of for animal consumption, non-iodised salt is
still consumed in rural areas.
State Government in collaboration with
UNICEF has undertaken
a number of
IEC
activities to
create awareness among
the people about
the benefits of iodised salt.
Monitoring
Information System
With a view to monitor the quality of iodised
salt at
consumer level informal monitoring using Salt Test Kit is being
undertaken by ANM's & MPW's They are sending the monthly reports to Dy.
CMHO of the district who is the nodal
officer for implementing NIDDCP at district level. At present only four
districts viz Jhunjhunu,
Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh and Chittorgarh are
sending their
reports. The
details of iodised salt samples tested under PFA and non-PFA ( using STK ) are
as follows:
Samples Analysed
Found Standard
PFA
Non-PFA PFA Non-PFA
1998 138 218532 38(28%) 110683(51%)
1999 26 57881 24(92%) 314191(59%)
2000 42 55501 38(90%) 34537(62%)
2001 32 67026 25(78%) 34217(51%)
(upto August)
Action
Suggested to Strengthen USI
Prevalence
of IDD
Surveys
carried out in all the 4 district of Sikkim revealed that all are endemic to
goiter.
Status
of Ban
Government of
Sikkim prohibited the sale of non-iodised salt
for edible purpose with effect from 11th September1985.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The annual
requirement of edible salt is estimated to be
2910 tonnes. In the zonal scheme,
provision is made for the movement of
6960 tonnes from the production sources of Gujarat, including buffer stock.
As there
is no railhead in the State, salt is unloaded at New
Jalpaiguri in West Bengal and from there it is transported to the State by
road. Nominee System is adopted in the State. The actual supply of
salt during 1999 & 2000 were
6,600 &4,700 tonnes respectively. Distribution
of iodised salt is included
under Public Distribution System. The PDS covers the entire State.
The State of
Sikkim fixes price of iodised salt under the
Public Distribution System. The price of crushed iodised salt under PDS was fixed at Rs. 1.70per Kg.
Monitoring
Information System
Quality is monitored by Health & Family
Department of the State Government .
During 2000, 746 samples were tested, out of
which, 530 (71%) samples
were found to be standard. District
level
monitoring
information system is in practice.
Action
Suggested to Strengthen USI
TAMIL
NADU
IDD Prevalence
Surveys
conducted in all the 29 districts revealed prevalence of goiter
in all the districts. 18 districts were
found to be endemic
with a prevalence rate of over 10%.
Resurvey in 13 districts
showed a decrease in goiter prevalence rate in 12 of
them.
Status
of Ban
The State Government . issued notification
banning the sale of salt other than iodised salt with effect
from 1.1.1995. However, a spate of Writ Petitions were filed by a
section of Industry,
Trade & Consumer Group against the ban order in
the Madras High Court. All
these Writ petitions were heard
together by the Hon'ble
High Court &
finally disposed off in
a land mark judgement in Oct., 1995 upholding the ban notification.
The ban orders have been extended for
another five years from 1.1.2000.
IDD
Cell
IDD Cell
has been established in the
Directorate of Health Services in 1994. Elimination of IDD
was also included in Chief. Minister's
15 point programme for child Welfare.
Iodisation
Capacity
Tamil Nadu is
the 2nd largest salt producing State after
Gujarat with an average annual production of about 20-25 lakh
tonnes. Salt Department has
permitted 135 salt iodisation units with
an annual installed capacity
of 18.24 lakh
tonnes which is sufficient to
cater to the needs of 14 lakh tonnes of
all the southern States.
The actual production of iodised
salt during
last three
years was as under:
Lakh tonnes
1998 1999 2000
4.99 4.26 4.06
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The
requirement of iodised salt for the State is to the extent of 4 lakh
tonnes per annum. The actual supply during the
last 3 years was as under:
'000tonnes
1998 1999 2000
114.3 174.8 193.9
The balance
quantity is moved by road
from unorganized and organized sectors, which is not reflected
in official records.
Iodised salt
is sold at a subsidized rate of Rs. 2.50
per kg. under PDS through out the
State, except Kanyakumari district.
Quality
Monitoring at Production Sources
In order
to monitor the quality of iodised salt
at production sources the Salt
Department has established seven laboratories at Chennai, Tuticorin, Adirampatnam,Vedaranyam, Veppolodai, Cuddalore and
Nagarcoil. Besides two mobile
laboratories have been deployed
at Chennai and Tuticorin to test check the
quality of iodised salt on the spot. The details of
samples analysed during the last
three years are as follows:
Year Sample Found %
analysed standard Standard
1998 12675 11726 92.5
1999 12957 11684 90.0
2000 13943 12728 91.2
Salt Department
has provided 18 salt iodisation
plants with UNICEF assistance to Small Salt Producers Association and
Co-operative Societies. Besides, Tamil Nadu Salt Corporation
has
also been
provided with iodisation plant and potassium iodate for goiter of low priced
iodised salt through PDS & FPS.
In order to create awareness among the public
and to increase t he supply
of iodised salt in the
State Salt department
in collaboration with All India
Institute of Medical Sciences, New
Delhi has instituted
study through the net work
of medical colleges.
Monitoring
Information System
Food
Inspectors and Peripheral Health Workers are doing statutory (PFA) and non-statutory sampling of iodised salt
at retail and household level to monitor the quality of iodised salt. Details of samples analysed during the last 3
years are as follows:
Samples Analysed Found Standard
PFA
Non-PFA PFA Non-PFA
1999-2000 1723
61800 676(39.2%) 21205(34%)
2000-2001 772 65050 277(36%) 24767(38%)
2001-2002 262 29488 120(46%) 11076(37%)
Action
Suggested Strengthen USI
TRIPURA
IDD
Prevalence
Surveys carried out in 3 out of 4 districts reveal
that all are endemic with a total goiter
rate of 17%.
Status
of Ban
The Government of Tripura banned the sale of
edible common salt in the State with
effect from 31st August 1988.
IDD
Cell
The IDD Cell
was set up in 1987.
Iodisation
Capacity
One iodisation
plant with an annual install
capacity of 7000 tonnes
is established at Dhrmanagar. The production of
iodised salt by this unit is as follows:
(tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
3553 1757 1693
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The annual
requirement of salt for edible
purposes in 19,743 tonnes. However, an allocation of
34,800 tonnes has been made in the zonal scheme the remoteness, transport
bottlenecks and the
need for
keeping adequate buffer stock.
The entire
requirement of iodised salt and
common salt for iodisation is met from the production
sources of Gujarat by rail up to Dhrmanagar from there it is transported to
other parts of the State by
road.Nominee System is followed by the
State. Supply of salt during the year 1999 & 2000 was 6,300
& 19,800 tonnes respectively.The demand for iodised slat in 1 Kg. packet is
less than that of loose iodised salt Loose iodised salt is supplied through
Public distribution System at a subsidised price of Rs. 1.90
per kg throughout the State. The
open market price of loose iodised salt is Rs. 3.00 to 3.50 per kg. and that of
packet salt is Rs.5.00 to 7.00 per kg.
Monitoring Information System
Sampling of
iodised salt is being done by Food
Inspectors and other Health Functionaries. During 2000,28 iodised
salt samples were analysed out which
25(89%) were foun standard.
Action
Suggested to Strengthen USI
UTTAR
PRADESH/ UTTRANCHAL
IDD
Prevalence
34 out of the
total 83 districts have been surveyed for goiter in U.P.between 1930-1989. the goiter prevalence rate
was in
the range of 35-65%. 29 of the 34 districts were found endemic.
Status
of Ban
Government of Uttar Pradesh has banned sale and distribution of salt other than iodised salt with effect
from 2.10.87 for edible purpose in the
whole State.
IDD
Cell
IDD Cell
has been established in the Nutrition
wing of State Health Institute U.P. in the year
1986-87.
Iodisation
Capacity
Two iodisation
units with an annual installed capacity of
18,500 tonnes and one refinery, M/s Hi Tech Foods, Nioda with an annual capacity of 360
tonnes were permitted to commence
commercial production of iodised
salt .Out of the 2 iodisation units only one
unit of M/s. Shree Anand Salt Industries at Kanpur produced 2,137 tonnes
of salt during 2000. The production
of refined iodised salt was 109
tonnes during 2000.
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The annual
requirement of Salt for Uttar Pradesh & Uttranchal is 9.21 &0.63 Lkh tonnes respectively. As
Uttar Pradesh is far away from the salt
production centres, adequate rakes are provided for the movement of entire
requirements of salt by rail from
Gujarat and Rajasthan, as indicated below:
Uttar
Pradesh
('000tonnes)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zone Rail Road
Total
No.of rakes Quantity
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rajasthan 35 81.20 9.67 90.87
Gujarat 358 830.56 - 830.56
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 393 911.76 9,67 921.43
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Uttranchal
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zone
Rail Road Total
No.of rakes Quantity
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rajasthan 5 11.60 - 11.60
Gujarat 22 51.04 - 51.04
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 27
62.64 - 62.64
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The actual
supply of iodised salt during the last
3 years to Uttar Pradesh and Uttranchal was as
follows:
('000 tonnes)
1998 1999 2000
812.7 908.8 930.3
salt also
moves by road from the un-organised sectors of
Gujarat and Rajasthan and also from Delhi by road, which is not
accounted in official records. Hence the
supply are apparently less than the requirement .But in reality no
scarcity is reported from any part of
the State.
Post-
Purchase Practice:-
The consumers
in Uttar Pradesh, use a special variety of
big-crystal slat produced in the little Rann of Kutch known as 'Phoda
Salt'. Consumers have a tendency to wash this salt before using ,
to get
rid of adhering dust impurities.
In this
process the potassium iodate
coated on the crystal surface also gets
washed, defeating the very purpose of iodisation of salt . With a view
to discouraging the consumers from
washing salt, manufacturers are advised
to crush the salt before
iodisation. Crushers have also been supplied
free of cost,
with UNICEF assistance
to manufacturers Association. Manufacturers are also advised to take
two crops instead
of present single crop to
obtain smaller crystals.
A study commissioned through MODE Research Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi in Gorakhpur district
during 1994 to ascertain the consumer
tend to wash phoda salt, but they have distinct
preference fro low priced crushed salt in poly-packs.
Survey
A study on
status of iodine content of salt in selected Districts of Uttar Pradesh was conducted by AIIMS in 15
districts of U.P. covering all
geographical areas, in 1998 . The important findings
of the study
are:
Meadian
Urinary Iodine excretion in all the districts
studied was_>10 µg/dl
except in Lakhimpur where it
was only
5 µg/dl indicating that there is
no bio-chemical deficiency of iodine.State
Government has organised IDD workshhops at
Dehradun & Gorakhpur in 1998
in collaboration with UNICEF and recommended,
- Field visit of Government of Uttar Pradesh Officials to
salt works of Gujarat/
Rajasthan areas goitering
salt to Uttar Pradesh.
- Meeting
of consumer groups,
salt traders, selected
salt producers of Gujarat & Rajasthan and District Goiter Officers,
to
resolve issues related to goiter of iodised slat by
road and continued goiter of
crystal salt.
_
Policy of defining crystal size of salt to be
reviewed by Government of U.P.
- Active involvement of CMO & Dy.
CMO in USI programme.
- Development of a State Programme of
Action.
Monitoring
Information System
There is no
State level MIS. A Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO), Mamta Samajik Sansthan,
Dehradun is monitoring quality of iodised salt
at beneficiary & retail level
and sending its reports
to State Government & Salt Commissioner. Details are as follows:
No. of Sample
Analysed Standard %
1996 2073 1469 70.86
1997 - - -
1998 299 292 97
1999 7818 6461 82
2000 No reports received
Actions
Suggested To Strengthen USI
IDD
Prevalence
Surveys conducted in 5 out of the 18 districts
revealed all the districts to be endemic to goiter with prevalence rates ranging from 10.3% to 34.5%.
Status
of Ban
Govt. of
West Bengal has banned the sale
of salt
other than iodised salt for
edible purpose in the interest of general public from 1.7.1998.
IDD
Cell
A IDD Cell has
been established in the State Health Directorate.
Iodisation
Capacity
36 salt
iodisation plants are
established at the
production centers . Besides, 3 salt iodisation units have been
installed at consuming centres (2 at Kharagpur & 1 at Chitpur).
The total
installed
capacity of these plants is 75,000 tonnes per annum.the iodised salt production in the State during the last
3 years is as under:
'000tonnes
1998 1999 2000
45.5 38.3 43.6
Requirement
& Supply of Iodised Salt
The average
annual production of common salt in
the State is about 10-13 thousand tonnes and it is
produced in Contai areas of Midnapore
district.This production is insufficient to meet
the
iodised salt requirement of the State, which is
estimated to be 4.87 lakh tonnes.
Nominee system
is followed in the State.
Considering the transport
bottlenecks and to keep adequate buffer stock the State Govt. has provided a
quota of 300 BG rakes (6.96 lakh tonnes) for
procurement
from various salt manufacturing zones as shown below:
'000 tonnes
Zone No.of Rakes Quantity Total
Rail Road
Gujarat 180 417.6 - 417.6
Rajasthan 90 208.8 - 208.8
Chennai 30 69.6 - 69.6
Kolkata - - 10.0 10.0
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Total 300 696.0 10.0 706.00
-----------------------------------------------------------------
The above
quantity is procured through Nominees of the State. The actual quantity of
iodised salt supplied during the last 3
years is as under:
'000 tonnes
1998 1999 2000
592.8 604.8 654.5
Quality
Control at Production Sources
Two quality
control labs have been set up at Contai & Calcutta to monitor the quality
of salt in the State. One Jeep has also
been deployed for on the spot
analysis of iodised salt samples. the
number of samples analysed & found standard in
these labs is as under:
Year Samples Found Standard %Standard
1998 3542 1494 42.2
1999 2157 1075 50.0
2000 5265 2525 48.0
Monitoring
Information System
District level
MIS has not been established in the State.
Actions
Suggested to Strengthen USI