T A B L E S

 
 
 

 

 

 

 


Table I

Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders & Status of

National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Programme in

Different States/UTs of India

 

 

State

Total

No of

Districts

No of

District

Surveyed

No of

District

Endemic

Ban

Notification

issued

IDD Cell

established

Andhra Pradesh

23

7

6

Partial*

Yes

Arunachal Pradesh

10

10

10

Complete

Yes

Assam

18

18

18

Complete

Yes

Bihar

38

22

21

Complete

Yes

Goa

2

2

2

Complete

Yes

Gujarat

19

16

8

Complete

Yes

Haryana

16

9

8

Complete

Yes

Himachal Pradesh

12

10

10

Complete

No

Jammu & Kashmir

15

14

11

Complete

No

Karnataka

20

17

6

Complete

Yes

Kerala

14

14

11

No Ban

Yes

Madhya Pradesh

45

16

16

Complete

Yes

Maharashtra

31

29

21

Partial

Yes

Mizoram

4

4

4

Complete

Yes

Manipur

8

8

8

Complete

Yes

Meghalaya

5

2

-

Complete

Yes

Nagaland

7

7

7

Complete

Yes

Orissa

30

2

2

Complete

Yes

Punjab

12

3

3

Complete

Yes

Rajasthan

27

3

3

Complete

Yes

Sikkim

4

4

4

Complete

Yes

Tamil Nadu

21

12

12

Complete

Yes

Tripura

3

3

3

Complete

Yes

Uttar Pradesh

67

34

29

Complete

Yes

West Bengal

18

5

5

Complete

Yes

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

2

Survey not done

Complete

Yes

 

Chandigarh

1

1

1

Complete

Yes

Dadar & Nagar Haveli

1

1

1

Complete

Yes

Delhi

1

1

1

Complete

Yes

Daman & Diu

1

1

1

Complete

Yes

Lakshwadeep

1

Survey not done

Complete

No

 

Pondicherry

4

Survey not done

Complete

No

 

Total No. of districts

480

275

235

 

 

 

 

*Complete ban notification w.e.f. 27th May, 1998 as per notification issued under Prevention of Food Adulteration Act.

 

Reference:   Tiwari BK, Ray I, Malhotra RL. Policy Guidelines on National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme. Nutrition and IDD Cell. Directorate of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi 1998; pp 9.

 

Table II

Country-wide Goitre Prevalence : ICMR Study

(1983-84)

 

Area (District)

Total population

examined

Visible goitre

prevalence (%)

Nilgiris

5,678

6.9

Vishakhapatnam

32,720

15.8

Dibrugarh

23,472

65.8

Muzaffarpur

5,216

33.7

Surat

25,254

22.7

Mandla

12,975

34.4

Dhule

32,507

16.5

Central Manipur

18,804

10.4

West Manipur

7,828

19.8

Behraich

49,725

20.2

Basti

68,620

20.0

Mirzapur

44,138

6.2

Sita Marhi

20,985

31.8

Gorakhpur

52,003

18.6

 

 

Reference:    ICMR Task Force Study : Epidemiological survey of endemic goitre and endemic cretinism.  Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 1989.

 

 

 

 Table III

Status of Salt Iodisation in Selected Countries

 

Country

Status of Salt Iodisation

Iodine compound

Level of Iodine used in Salt

 (as ppm)

Algeria

92% households used iodised

salt in 1995-96

Not known

Not known

Angola

Law exists from 1996

Not known

Not known

Argentina

Law exists from 1967

Potassium Iodate

30  ppm

Austria*

Compulsory

Potassium Iodide

1 5 

Bangladesh

Compulsory

Potassium Iodate

Not known

Brazil

Law exists from 1974

Potassium Iodate

10-20 mg/kg

Bulgaria

Compulsory

Potassium Iodide

20 

Benin

Regulated by an Inter-ministerial   order of 1964    

Not known

Not known

Bolivia

85% of salt produced had

adequate iodine

Not known

Not known

Bosnia

Compulsory

Potassium Iodate

10 ppm

Croatia

Compulsory

Potassium Iodate

25 ppm

Cameroon

1991 Ministerial order amended

by 1995 order

Potassium Iodate

100 ppm

China

Salt iodisation program exists

Potassium Iodate

Not known

Combodia

No legislation

Not known

30 ppm

Comoros

Inter-ministerial directive of 1995*

Not known

Not known

Czech Republic

 No legislation

Potassium Iodate

Not known      

Chile

Law exists from 1990

Not known

60-140 ppm

Columbia

Law exists from 1947. Amended

Potassium Iodide

50-100 ppm in 1984

 to include flourodisation

Ecuador

Law exists

Potassium Iodide

50-100 ppm

Egypt

Universal salt iodisation is the goal

Potassium Iodate

50-80  ppm       

Ethiopia

Universal salt iodisation is the goal  

  Not known

Not known

Finland

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

20@

Fiji

Law exists

No monitoring of iodised salt consumption

 

France

Voluntary

Sodium Iodide

15@

Germany

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

15-25@

Greece

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

50@

Hungary

Compulsory

Potassium Iodide

20 

India

Compulsory

Potassium Iodate

15-30 ppm

Indonesia

Law exists from 1994*

Potassium Iodate

30-80 mg/kg

Ireland

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

25@

Italy

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

15@

Kenya

Law exists from 1978

Potassium Iodate

100 ppm

Macedonia

Compulsory

Potassium Iodate

5-25 ppm

Madagascar

Compulsory

Potassium Iodate

Not known

Mali

Law exists from 1995

Not known

Not known

Mexico

Law exists*

Potassium Iodate

20-40 ppm

Mongolia

Compulsory

Potassium Iodate

20-30 ppm

Mozambique

Law being enacted

Not known

Not known

Namibia

Law exists

Not known

50-80 ppm

Nepal

Compulsory

Potassium Iodate

15-30 ppm

Nigeria

Law exists from 1994

Not known

Not known

Netherlands

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

20@$

Norway

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

5@

Paraguay

Ministerial regulation of 1992

Not known

40-60 ppm & not

less than 20 ppm

at retail level  

Pakistan

Salt iodisation program exists

Potassium Iodate

Not known

Philiphines

Law exists from 1995

Not known

30-40 ppm

Poland

Compulsory

Potassium Iodide

Not known

Portugal

Compulsory

Potassium Iodide

1 5 

Romania

Legislation exists

Not known

Not known

Senegal

Law exists from 1995

Potassium Iodate

Not known

 

 

 

 

South Africa

Law exists from 1995

Potassium Iodate

50 ppm

Spain

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

60@#

Sweden

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

50@

Tanzania

Law exists from 1995

Potassium Iodate

75-100 ppm

(min. 30 ppm at

retail end)

Thailand

Law in force since 1994

Potassium Iodate

Not known

UK

Voluntary

Potassium Iodide

10-12@

Vietnam

Law exists

Potassium Iodate

20-30 ppm

Yugoslavia

Compulsory

Potassium Iodide

11.4

 

 

Notes:   @indicates the levels prescribed for “Kitchen Salt” (wherever not indicated, all edible salt is to be iodised)

 

             $45 ppm of Iodine in Baker’s Salt.

 

             #Potassium Iodate could be used upto 60 ppm (as Iodine) in house-hold Salt.

 

             *Requires all salt used for human & animal consumption to be iodised.

 

Reference:    1. Ranganathan S, Reddy V.  Human requirements of iodine and safe use of iodised salt.  Indian Journal of Medical Research 1995; 102:227-232.

 

                    2. Pretell E.  Current status of IDD in Latin America.  IDD Newsletter 1992; 8:12.

 

                    3. Report of the 1996 Harare Conference.  Africa struggles for independence from IDD.  IDD Newsletter 1997; 13:19-24.

 

                    4. IDD Newsletter.  Overcoming Iodine Deficiency in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.  IDD Newsletter 1997; 13:19-24.

 

 

 

 

Table IV

Progress of NIDDCP at a Glance as  per  the  Records  of   

Salt Department            

                                                                                                      (in lakh tonnes)    

 

Year

 

No. of

Iodisation

Units

Capacity

Requirements

       

Production

     

Supplies

banned

State/UT

Full     

Partial

1983

13

3.86

9.16

2.13

1.41

7

4

1986

115

16.08

11.27

7.27

5.98

10

6

1989

353

48.71

27.24

22.74

21.34

17

6

1992

529

65.33

29.62

27.13

26.87

22

6

1993

519

65.67

33.31

28.23

27.23

24

5

1994

572

75.04

35.84

29.45

28.01

25

4

1995

657

82.33

42.81

36.96

34.88

27

2

1996

699

87.28

51.70

40.95

40.92

27

2

1997

784

107.50

52.00

40.41

39.07

29

2

1998

809*

115.21*

52.00

39.70

37.42

29

2

 

 

*As on 31st March, 1998

 

Reference:    Sundaresan S. Progress achieved in universal salt iodisation programme in India.  In : Proceeding of symposium on Elimination of IDD through Universal Access to Iodised Salt.  Eds. Prakash R, Sunderesan S, Kapil Umesh, Shivansh Computers and Publications, New Delhi 1998, pp 28-42.

 

 

Table VA

RDA of iodine for various age groups

 

Group

(in years)

Age

Sex

Australia

Bolivia

Canada

Colombia

Finland

France

G.D.R.

Indonesia

Infant

4/12- 5/12

M.F

50

35

35

35

—

50

50

35

Child

1-2

M.F

70

60

70

60

70

60

100

60

Girl

13-14

F

120

120

110

120

140

120

150

110

Youth

16-17

M

150

145

160

145

140

150

150

140

Man

26-29

M

150

140

150

140

120

150

150

140

Elderly Women

65-69

F

120

85

100

85

120

150

150

100

Pregnancy

23-30

F

+30

+30

+15

+30

+20

+30

+50

+15

Lactation

23-30

F

+50

+50

+25

+50

+20

+30

+50

+40

 

 

*Reference:   Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews.  Reviews in Clinical Nutrition, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1993; 53:1075-1077.

 

 

 

 

Table VB

RDA of iodine for various age groups

 

Group

 (in years)

Age

Sex

N.Z.

Poland

Spain

Taiwan

Uruguay

USA

USSR

MEAN

Infant

4/12- 5/12

M.F

35

—

35

35

—

40

—

39.5

Child

1-2

M.F

45

55-60

55

65

60

70

—

64.5

Girl

13-14

F

150

115-120

115

135

115

150

—

126.6

Youth

16-17

M

200

140-150

145

155

150

150

—

151.8

Man

26-29

M

200

130

140

145

130

150

100-200

145.7

Elderly Women

65-69

F

200

80

110

100

80

150

—

116.4

Pregnancy

23-30

F

+0

+25

+25

+20

+25

+25

—

+24.2

Lactation

23-30

F

+0

+50

+45

+35

+50

+50

—

+38.9

 

 

*Reference:               Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews.  Reviews in Clinical Nutrition, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux,

                                John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1993; 53:1075-1077.

 

 

 

 

Table VI

Recommended Dietary Iodine Requirements Per Day

 

 

Infants (upto 12 months)

50 mcg

Children (2-6 years age)

90 mcg

School children (7-12 years age)

120 mcg

Adults (beyond 12 years age)

150 mcg

Pregnant & lactating women

200 mcg

 

 

Reference:   Recommended iodine levels in salt and guidelines for monitoring  their adequacy and effectiveness, Nutrition Unit, Division of Food and Nutrition, WHO Geneva 1996. Report of Joint Consultation of WHO, UNICEF and ICCIDD.

 

 

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